:root {
    /* Color Palette */
    --clr-primary: #0A5E6D;
    /* Deep teal */
    --clr-accent: #E8A838;
    /* Warm gold */
    --clr-dark: #0D2B2E;
    /* Dark teal/navy */
    --clr-light: #E8F4F5;
    /* Light ice/teal */
    --clr-white: #FFFFFF;
    --clr-text-main: #333333;
    --clr-text-muted: #555555;

    /* Typography */
    --font-heading: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    --font-body: 'Inter', sans-serif;

    /* Layout */
    --max-width: 1100px;
    --border-radius: 8px;
    --transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

/* Reset & Base Styles */
* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--clr-text-main);
    background-color: var(--clr-light);
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    color: var(--clr-dark);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

a {
    color: var(--clr-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

a:hover {
    color: var(--clr-accent);
}

img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
}

.container {
    width: 90%;
    max-width: var(--max-width);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 1rem;
}

/* Typography Utility */
.section-title {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
}

.section-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -10px;
    left: 0;
    width: 60px;
    height: 3px;
    background-color: var(--clr-accent);
}

.text-center {
    text-align: center;
}

.text-center .section-title::after {
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.text-muted {
    color: var(--clr-text-muted);
}

/* Buttons */
.btn {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    background-color: var(--clr-primary);
    color: var(--clr-white);
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: var(--transition);
    border: 2px solid var(--clr-primary);
    cursor: pointer;
}

.btn:hover {
    background-color: var(--clr-dark);
    border-color: var(--clr-dark);
    color: var(--clr-white);
}

.btn-outline {
    background-color: transparent;
    color: var(--clr-primary);
}

.btn-outline:hover {
    background-color: var(--clr-primary);
    color: var(--clr-white);
}

/* Navigation */
.navbar {
    background-color: var(--clr-white);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 1000;
    padding: 1rem 0;
}

.navbar .container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.navbar-brand {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--clr-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-links {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
}

.nav-links a {
    color: var(--clr-dark);
    font-weight: 500;
    position: relative;
}

.nav-links a::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -5px;
    left: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background-color: var(--clr-accent);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.nav-links a:hover::after,
.nav-links a.active::after {
    width: 100%;
}

.mobile-menu-btn {
    display: none;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--clr-dark);
    cursor: pointer;
}

/* Hero Section */
.hero {
    padding: 6rem 0;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--clr-light) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8) 100%);
    min-height: 80vh;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.hero-content {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4rem;
}

.hero-text {
    flex: 1;
}

.hero-title {
    font-size: 3.5rem;
    color: var(--clr-dark);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--clr-primary);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.hero-tagline {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--clr-accent);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.hero-image-container {
    flex: 0 0 350px;
    position: relative;
}

.hero-image {
    width: 350px;
    height: 350px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover;
    border: 5px solid var(--clr-white);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(10, 94, 109, 0.15);
    background-color: var(--clr-primary);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* Fallback initials if image fails */
.hero-image::before {
    content: 'NTO';
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 5rem;
    color: var(--clr-white);
    position: absolute;
    z-index: -1;
}


/* Sections Common */
.section {
    padding: 5rem 0;
}

.section-alt {
    background-color: var(--clr-white);
}

/* About Me */
.about-text {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    max-width: 800px;
    line-height: 1.8;
}

/* Research Interests / Tags */
.tags-container {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.tag {
    background-color: var(--clr-white);
    color: var(--clr-primary);
    padding: 0.5rem 1.2rem;
    border-radius: 50px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 94, 109, 0.2);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.tag:hover {
    background-color: var(--clr-primary);
    color: var(--clr-white);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(10, 94, 109, 0.1);
}

/* Cards (Projects, Response Papers, Handouts) */
.cards-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-top: 3rem;
}

.card {
    background-color: var(--clr-white);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    transition: var(--transition);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--clr-primary);
    height: 100%;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.card-title {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--clr-dark);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.card-body {
    flex-grow: 1;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.card .btn {
    align-self: flex-start;
}

/* EGS 6055 Specific */
.page-header {
    background-color: var(--clr-dark);
    color: var(--clr-white);
    padding: 6rem 0 4rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.page-header h1 {
    color: var(--clr-white);
}

.page-header .framing-statement {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--clr-accent);
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 2rem auto 0;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.theory-section {
    background-color: var(--clr-white);
    padding: 4rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    margin-bottom: 4rem;
    border-left: 5px solid var(--clr-accent);
}

.theory-text {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: var(--clr-dark);
    font-style: italic;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* Teaching Demo Slides Container */
.carousel-container {
    position: relative;
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 2rem auto;
}

.carousel-track-container {
    background: var(--clr-white);
    position: relative;
    height: 450px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.carousel-track {
    display: flex;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    list-style: none;
    height: 100%;
    transition: transform 0.4s ease-in-out;
}

.carousel-slide {
    flex: 0 0 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

.slide-thumbnail {
    background-color: #f0f0f0;
    border-radius: 4px;
    aspect-ratio: 16/9;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: #999;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

/* Override for carousel slides specifically */
.carousel-slide .slide-thumbnail {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: auto;
    font-size: 2rem;
    border-radius: 0;
    border: none;
}

.carousel-button {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    background: var(--clr-primary);
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 50%;
    cursor: pointer;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    color: var(--clr-white);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    z-index: 10;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.carousel-button:hover {
    background: var(--clr-dark);
}

.carousel-button--left {
    left: -20px;
}

.carousel-button--right {
    right: -20px;
}

.carousel-button.is-hidden {
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.carousel-nav {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 1rem 0;
    gap: 10px;
}

.carousel-indicator {
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 50%;
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    background: rgba(10, 94, 109, 0.3);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.carousel-indicator.current-indicator {
    background: var(--clr-primary);
    transform: scale(1.2);
}

/* Reflection Box */
.reflection-box {
    background-color: rgba(10, 94, 109, 0.05);
    border: 1px solid rgba(10, 94, 109, 0.2);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    padding: 3rem;
    position: relative;
}

.reflection-box::before {
    content: '"';
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 6rem;
    color: rgba(232, 168, 56, 0.3);
    /* Accent color transparent */
    position: absolute;
    top: -10px;
    left: 20px;
    line-height: 1;
}

.reflection-text {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--clr-dark);
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

/* Footer / Contact */
.footer {
    background-color: var(--clr-dark);
    color: var(--clr-light);
    padding: 4rem 0 2rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.social-links {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.social-links a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    color: var(--clr-white);
    border-radius: 50%;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.social-links a:hover {
    background-color: var(--clr-accent);
    transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.footer-copy {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    padding-top: 2rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

/* Form Styles */
.form-container {
    background-color: var(--clr-white);
    padding: 3rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--clr-accent);
}

.form-group {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-align: left;
}

.form-group label {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--clr-dark);
}

.form-group input,
.form-group select,
.form-group textarea {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.8rem 1rem;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 1rem;
    background-color: #fcfcfc;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.form-group input:focus,
.form-group select:focus,
.form-group textarea:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--clr-primary);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(10, 94, 109, 0.1);
}

/* Modal Dialog Styles */
.modal {
    display: none;
    position: fixed;
    z-index: 2000;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
    backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.modal.show {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    opacity: 1;
}

.modal-content {
    background-color: var(--clr-white);
    padding: 2.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    max-width: 500px;
    width: 90%;
    position: relative;
    border-top: 5px solid var(--clr-primary);
    box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    transform: translateY(20px);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.modal.show .modal-content {
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.modal-close {
    position: absolute;
    top: 15px;
    right: 20px;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: var(--clr-text-muted);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.modal-close:hover {
    color: var(--clr-accent);
}

.tag-interactive {
    cursor: pointer;
    user-select: none;
}

/* Digital Logic Sandbox */
.sandbox-container {
    background-color: var(--clr-dark);
    padding: 3rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: inset 0 0 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    border: 2px solid #222;
    overflow-x: auto;
}

.circuit-board-sandbox {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 3rem;
    color: var(--clr-white);
    min-width: 600px;
}

.sandbox-layer {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 3rem;
    position: relative;
}

.sandbox-group {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 2rem;
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    border: 1px solid #333;
    position: relative;
}

/* Connecting Lines */
.sandbox-group::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    right: -2rem;
    top: 50%;
    width: 2rem;
    height: 3px;
    background-color: #444;
}

.final-layer .sandbox-group::after {
    display: none;
}

.sandbox-inputs {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    position: relative;
}

/* Connect inputs to gate visually */
.sandbox-inputs::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    right: -1rem;
    top: 25%;
    bottom: 25%;
    width: 1rem;
    border-right: 3px solid #444;
    border-top: 3px solid #444;
    border-bottom: 3px solid #444;
}

.sandbox-gate {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.gate-selector {
    background-color: var(--clr-primary);
    color: white;
    border: 2px solid #063d47;
    padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-family: monospace;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    outline: none;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    appearance: none;
    text-align: center;
}

.gate-selector:focus {
    border-color: var(--clr-accent);
}

.sandbox-output {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.lightbulb {
    font-size: 3rem;
    color: #444;
    transition: all 0.3s;
    text-shadow: none;
}

.lightbulb.on {
    color: var(--clr-accent);
    text-shadow: 0 0 20px var(--clr-accent), 0 0 40px var(--clr-accent);
}

.state-label {
    font-family: monospace;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: #666;
    background: #222;
    padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.state-label.active {
    color: var(--clr-accent);
    text-shadow: 0 0 5px var(--clr-accent);
}

/* Toggle Switch CSS */
.switch {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
    width: 50px;
    height: 24px;
}

.switch input {
    opacity: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
}

.slider {
    position: absolute;
    cursor: pointer;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background-color: #444;
    transition: .4s;
}

.slider:before {
    position: absolute;
    content: "";
    height: 16px;
    width: 16px;
    left: 4px;
    bottom: 4px;
    background-color: white;
    transition: .4s;
}

input:checked+.slider {
    background-color: var(--clr-primary);
}

input:focus+.slider {
    box-shadow: 0 0 1px var(--clr-primary);
}

input:checked+.slider:before {
    transform: translateX(26px);
}

.slider.round {
    border-radius: 24px;
}

.slider.round:before {
    border-radius: 50%;
}


/* Gamification UI */
.player-hud {
    position: fixed;
    top: 80px;
    right: 20px;
    background: rgba(13, 43, 46, 0.95);
    backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
    color: var(--clr-white);
    padding: 10px 15px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border: 1px solid var(--clr-primary);
    z-index: 1000;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    min-width: 200px;
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.player-hud.level-up {
    animation: pulseXP 0.5s ease-in-out;
}

@keyframes pulseXP {
    0% {
        transform: scale(1);
    }

    50% {
        transform: scale(1.1);
        box-shadow: 0 0 20px var(--clr-accent);
        border-color: var(--clr-accent);
    }

    100% {
        transform: scale(1);
    }
}

.hud-info {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.hud-level {
    color: var(--clr-accent);
}

.xp-bar-container {
    width: 100%;
    height: 8px;
    background: #222;
    border-radius: 4px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.xp-bar-fill {
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--clr-primary), var(--clr-accent));
    width: 0%;
    transition: width 0.5s ease-out;
}

/* Toast Notifications */
.toast-container {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 20px;
    right: 20px;
    z-index: 1001;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.toast {
    background: var(--clr-white);
    color: var(--clr-dark);
    padding: 15px 20px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
    border-left: 5px solid var(--clr-accent);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 15px;
    transform: translateX(120%);
    transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
}

.toast.show {
    transform: translateX(0);
}

.toast-icon {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--clr-accent);
}

.toast-text h4 {
    margin: 0 0 2px 0;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
}

.toast-text p {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--clr-text-muted);
}

/* Locked Vault button */
.locked-vault {
    background-color: transparent !important;
    color: var(--clr-text-muted) !important;
    border-color: var(--clr-text-muted) !important;
    cursor: not-allowed;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.locked-vault::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -100%;
    width: 50%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2), transparent);
    animation: shine 3s infinite linear;
}

.unlocked-vault {
    background-color: var(--clr-primary) !important;
    color: var(--clr-white) !important;
    border-color: var(--clr-primary) !important;
    cursor: pointer;
    box-shadow: 0 0 15px var(--clr-accent);
    animation: pulseXP 1s;
}

@keyframes shine {
    0% {
        left: -100%;
    }

    20% {
        left: 200%;
    }

    100% {
        left: 200%;
    }
}



/* Scroll Animations */
.reveal {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(30px);
    transition: all 0.8s ease-out;
}

.reveal.active {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

/* Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .hero-content {
        flex-direction: column-reverse;
        text-align: center;
        gap: 2rem;
    }

    .hero-image {
        width: 250px;
        height: 250px;
    }

    .text-center .section-title::after {
        left: 50%;
    }

    .section-title::after {
        left: 50%;
        transform: translateX(-50%);
    }

    .about-text,
    .section-title {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .tags-container {
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .nav-links {
        display: none;
        position: absolute;
        top: 100%;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        background-color: var(--clr-white);
        flex-direction: column;
        padding: 1rem 0;
        box-shadow: 0 10px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
        gap: 0;
    }

    .nav-links.show {
        display: flex;
    }

    .nav-links li {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .nav-links a {
        display: block;
        padding: 1rem;
    }

    .mobile-menu-btn {
        display: block;
    }

    .hero-title {
        font-size: 2.5rem;
    }

    .hero-tagline,
    .page-header .framing-statement,
    .reflection-text {
        font-size: 1.25rem;
    }

    .theory-section {
        padding: 2rem;
    }
}